DOI 10.31554/2304-1838-2024-17-107-119
СЕМАНТИКА И СПЕЦИФИКА ПРАВОВОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОМ РАЗВИТИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОНГОЛЬСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)
Demchigmaa O.
Аннотация. В статье рассмотрено развитие монгольской лексики, отражающей правовые отношения. Показано, что первоначальное значение таких слов как «törü», «ǰasaү», «qauli» и др. в монгольской письменности изменилось, в настоящее время они используются в новом значении. На основе анализа средневековых памятников монгольского языка, в частности «Субхашиты», с привлечением словарей выявлены самые ранние значения таких терминов, как государство, правление, казнь и закон, и продемонстрировано, как они эволюционировали с течением времени.
SEMANTICS AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LEGAL VOCABULARY IN HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MONGOLIAN LANGUAGE)
Demchigmaa O.
Annotation. The original meaning of many words in the Mongolian written language have changed and they are currently used with their changed meanings. In this article we examined the earliest meanings of terms like state, government, execution and law, as well as how they have evolved throughout time, using dictionaries and monuments in the Mongolian language. «State” (төр, törü) is the ancient Turkic word for rules, laws, and customs. In the Manchurian language, it is called doro. This word is frequent in Altai root languages and now it is has the meaning as protect the nation’s rights. Most people will interpret it this way. However, some people were unaware that it meant «morality and order» in the earlier times.
«Government» (Засаг) means Yasaq in ancient Turkic language and is dasan in Manchu Zurchin language. In Altai languages, the consonants «ya, z, d» are alternated, so it should be a common word. It was formed by adding the suffix «-g» to the root of the verb «zasa-”, which has the meaning as to improve and develop. In the Middle Ages, the «rules and decrees» for the administration of citizens were called «governance».
The primary significance of this term, originally denoting “ethics, rules, and regulations” in the middle Mongolian language, and diminished from the 18th century onward. It evolved to represent the contemporary concept of a governing body of the state, acquiring the attributes of a noun in the process.
